yes you are right the mathjax is not working with wplms .this plugin is doing something different than other plugins to render its shortcodes .
We would recommend you to using the beautiful math by jectpack : https://wplms.io/support/knowledge-base/math-equations-in-wplms/
or wp quicklatex plugin .
we have integrated with these plugins coz these work on the_content filter of wordpress .
Well beautiful math from jetpack is working fine on my local test site :
http://prntscr.com/k6d3bt
you need to use the latex in shortcode form rather than writing it in raw format :
for example :
[latex]i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\left|\Psi(t)\right>=H\left|\Psi(t)\right>[/latex]
refer : http://prntscr.com/k6d3r6